Funny Mothers Day Quotes

Clever Mothers Day Quotes A pinch of silliness goes far in making connections work. What's more, when that relationship is a mother-kid one, giggling can be an extraordinary pressure alleviator. Consider it. A mother needs to guarantee her childs prosperity, satisfaction, and security each and every day. She never gets the chance to remove the heap from her shoulders. It isn't so much that she doesnt like to chuckle, its simply that she was such a great amount to stress over. Why not give her the endowment of funniness this Mothers Day? Does your mom like jokes and amusing films? On the off chance that funniness is her thing, give her the delight of chuckling on Mothers Day. Utilize these interesting Mothers Day cites in cards and on presents. A dash of silliness will make the event memorable.â Entertaining Quotes Rita Rudner My mom is such a lousy cook, that Thanksgiving at her home is a period of distress. Imprint Twain My mom experienced a lot of difficulty with me, however I think she delighted in it. Dan Quayle Republicans comprehend the significance of subjugation between a mother and youngster. Phyllis Diller Doubtlessly something which implies neediness, issue, and savagery each and every day ought to be kept away from altogether. Yet, the longing to bring forth kids is a characteristic desire. Family Hubbard The most noticeably terrible component of another child is its moms singing. Louie Anderson My mother was a carport deal individual, set aside cash. Please into the carport deal, you may discover a shirt. Shed get in that carport deal and point stuff out to you. Theres a decent fork for a nickel. No doubt, that is lovely. Its somewhat high. In the event that it were three pennies Id gobble it up. Oscar Wilde All ladies become like their moms. That is their disaster. No man does. That is his. Paula Poundstone My mother said she figured out how to swim. Somebody took her out in the lake and lost her the pontoon. That is the means by which she figured out how to swim. I stated, Mom, they werent attempting to show you how to swim. Tim Allen My mother said the main explanation men are alive is for grass care and vehicle upkeep. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar My mom needed to send me to the films with my introduction to the world certificateâ so that I wouldnt need to pay the additional fifty pennies that the grown-ups needed to pay. Lady Edna Everage My mom used to state that there are no outsiders, just companions you havent met at this point. Shes now in a most extreme security nightfall home in Australia. Rita Rudner Despondent people assemble mansions noticeable all around; psychotics live in them. My mom cleans them. Pamela Anderson Im a mother with two little youngsters, so I dont take as much poo as I used to.

Office Communication Top Ten List Entry #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Office Communication Top Ten List â€" Entry #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the ninth entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 9 Attend an information session or recruitment event. While I realize not everyone can make it to New York, if you can the best way to obtain information is to attend an information session.   If you live nearby or are visiting New York this is probably the best way to learn about our programs and how to put together a competitive application.   Due to the large number of visitors and our small staff we are unable to arrange walk in appointments.   You are always welcome to visit and someone will assist you, however we are rarely able to provide extensive individual counseling appointments. If you would like to schedule an information session, which are held every Monday at 6pm and every Friday at 12pm excluding holidays, it is best to send an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu and then we can confirm the session with you. We also attend recruitment events across the country and internationally as I mentioned in this blog post here. However, you are always welcome to come to the office during business hours and ask a few questions or obtain information.

Biography of Inventor Jacob Perkins

Jacob Perkins  was an American  inventor,  mechanical engineer, and  physicist. He was responsible for a variety of important inventions, and made significant developments in the field of anti-forgery currency. Jacob Perkins Early Years Perkins was born in Newburyport, Mass., on July 9, 1766, and died in London on July 30, 1849. He had a goldsmith  apprenticeship during his early years and soon made himself known with a variety of useful mechanical inventions. He  eventually had 21 American and 19 English  patents. He is known as the father of the refrigerator. Perkins  was elected a Fellow of the  American Academy of Arts and Sciences  in 1813.   Perkins Inventions In 1790, when Perkins was just 24, he developed machines for cutting and heading nails. Five years later, he earned a patent for his improved nail machines and started a nail manufacturing business in  Amesbury, Massachusetts. Perkins invented the bathometer (measures the depth of water)  and  the  pleometer  (measures the speed at which a vessel moves through the water). He also invented an early version of the refrigerator  (really an  ether  ice machine). Perkins  improved steam engines (radiator for use with hot water central heating - 1830) and made improvements to guns. Perkins also invented  a method of plating shoe-buckles. Perkins Engraving Technology Some of Perkins greatest developments involved engraving.  He started a printing business with an engraver named Gideon Fairman. They first engraved school books, and also made currency that was not being forged. In 1809, Perkins bought the stereotype technology (prevention of counterfeit bills) from Asa Spencer, and registered the patent, and then employed Spencer. Perkins made several important innovations in printing technology, including new steel engraving plates. Using these plates he made the first known steel engraved USA books. He then made currency for a Boston Bank, and later for the National Bank. In 1816 he set up a printing shop and bid on the printing of currency for the  Second National Bank  in Philadelphia. Perkins Work with Anti-ForgeryBank Currency His top-notch American bank currency received  attention from the  Royal Society  who were busy addressing the massive problem of forged  English bank notes. In 1819, Perkins and Fairman went to England to try to win the  £20,000 reward for notes that could not be forged. They pair showed sample notes to the  Royal Society  president Sir  Joseph Banks. They set up shop in England, and spent months on example currency, still on display today. Unfortunately for them, Banks thought that unforgeable also implied that the inventor should be English by birth. Printing English notes ultimately proved a success and was carried out by Perkins in partnership with the English engraver-publisher Charles Heath and his associate Fairman. Together they formed the partnership  Perkins, Fairman and Heath which was later renamed when his son-in-law, Joshua Butters Bacon, bought out Charles Heath and the company was then known as  Perkins, Bacon.  Perkins Bacon  provided banknotes for many banks and foreign countries with  postage stamps.  Stamp production started for the British government in 1840 with stamps that incorporated an anti-forgery measure. Perkins Other Projects Also concurrently, Jacobs brother ran the American printing business, and they made money on important fire safety patents. Charles Heath and Perkins worked together and independently on some concurrent projects.

Path Goal Theory Free Essays

Path Goal Theory In order to encourage, support and motivate their followers, Path Goal Theory requires a leader to take into account situational factors when adapting a leadership style. Successful integration of situational factors with a leadership style can lead to maximized satisfaction and effort from the follower. The Path Goal Theory states leaders must: †¢Forge a path for followers to obtain their goal through coaching and direction †¢Remove roadblocks and obstacles that are preventing followers from accomplishing goal †¢Increase rewards and incentives along the way 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Path Goal Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subordinate Factors (Follower Characteristics) A. Ability: A follower’s self-efficacy and self perception of competence in performing tasks to achieve goals. B. Authoritarianism: is defined as the degree to which the followers seek structure and task clarity. C. Experience: Knowledge of or skill in achieving a goal. D. Locus of control: How one perceives how much they can control events that affect their goal achievement. Those with low internal locus of control seek to participate and engage in decision making. On the contrary, those with a strong external locus of control like to be directed and provided structure. Coach Lengyel has a diverse group of followers with a variety of contrasting personal characteristics. Due to their lack of experience, youth and general â€Å"rag-tag† composition, the players on the team lack confidence, ability, cohesion and self efficacy. Given these characteristics, these players have a high external locus of control and yearn for task clarity and guidance. In contrast, Coach Red Dawson and Interim President Donald Dedmon have more autonomy and have established themselves more in their respected roles. Lengyel adjust to the varying characteristics of these followers by engaging them more in the decision-making process and seeking their advice on certain issues that arise. 2. Environmental Factors: A. Task structure: A leader needs to analyze the elements and nature of a task a follower is responsible for and identify and remove any difficulties it could pose to the follower. B. Formal authority: is the power position of the leader which can affect the satisfaction of a follower. If directive leadership and a highly formal authority system are in place, the redundancy can cause follower dissatisfaction. C. Work group: Group dynamics and relationship among followers. In situations where team cohesiveness is low, followers need supportive leadership. Where a group is more established and talented, a directive or achievement oriented style is more optimal. The players face significant environmental challenges in both their task structure and work group dynamics. First, the vast majority of the team consists of freshmen or students who have never played organized football. Learning the complex play schemes and the intricacies of the competitive collegiate game in such a short period is certainly daunting. Moreover, positions players such as the punter do not fully comprehend everything their roles entail. Since almost all the players haven’t played with each other, the team lacks the camaraderie and cohesion of their competitors. The confluence of these factors and the physically demanding tolls of the game have created significant roadblock in accomplishing their goals. The fear of embarrassing the community and university with poor performance on the field and the stress of the tragedy compounds the challenges the team face and weighs on them greatly. As a result, the players are more sensitive and an overbearing and authoritarian leader will only exacerbate the situation. Similarly, the stress of the tragedy is also weighing significantly on both Coach Dawson and Interim President Dedmon. After losing colleagues and players he coached and recruited from the tragedy, Dawson has significant doubts about whether he can be around the game anymore. The drastic changes with Dawson’s workgroup and formal authority figure are daily reminders of the tragedy that occurred with the team. The tragedy wears on him and he has a significant effect on his confidence and motivation to fulfill and execute the tasks associated with the assistant coaching job. With Dedmon, the opposition by some in the community to rebuild the football program has made Interim President insecure and timid when approaching tasks with the job. Furthermore, Dedmon’s confidence erodes initially when numerous coaches around the country turn down the offer to coach the Marshall team due seemingly insurmountable challenges facing the program. Dedmon has to adjust o a changing environment surrounding the university and to Coach Lyngel’s energetic and enthusiastic style which contrasts greatly with his own. 3. Leader Behavior: A. Supportive leadership: Consider the needs of the follower, showing concern for their welfare, being approachable as a leader and creating a friendly working environment. This approach is best when the work is stressful, ambiguous and or hazardous. B. Directive l eadership: Telling and providing leaders with structure, task clarity while giving appropriate guidance along the way. The leader sets clear standards of performance in order to decrease role ambiguity. This form of leadership can be helpful when the follower is inexperienced. C. Participative leadership: Effective when followers are autonomous. This form involves consulting with followers and making them an integral part of the decision process. This approach is most effective with followers who are knowledgeable and skilled and have a high internal locus of control. D. Achievement-oriented leadership: Setting challenges goals, both in their work and in self-improvement. The leader establishes high standard of excellence and leader shows confidence in the capabilities of the follower to succeed. This approach is best when the task is complex. Lengyel has to question whether the famous sports tenet, â€Å"Winning isn’t everything; it’s the only thing† is applicable to the season Marshall is about to embark on. His predecessor, like a majority of other coaches led with predominately directive and achievement-oriented styles. Due to the nature of the sport and the intolerance of role ambiguity in the game, Coach Lengyel also exhibits a directive style of leadership in some scenarios. The players’ perceptions of their abilities are relatively low and Lengyel helps them by clarifying and directing them how to do their tasks. For instance, this directive style of leadership is evident when Lengyel instructs and clarifies the position players like the punter and offensive lineman how to do everything that their role entails. Given the players desire for task clarity and guidance, the directive style would most likely be the most effective leadership style with inexperienced players in most scenarios. The most important factor however that impacts the follower characteristics and environmental factors is the stress and pressure resulting from the tragedy. Realizing the enormity of the tragedy, Lengyel utilizes a supportive style that provides psychological support and concern to his followers by their acknowledging the pain and frustration. Knowing that Dawson is in a sensitive emotional and mental state, Lengyel isn’t too aggressive in his pursuit to have him on the coaching staff and always carefully listens and assesses Dawson’s objections and feelings. Lengyel’s pregame speech at the resting spot of six of the players from the Marshall team also exemplifies his exceptional ability to collectively assess both characteristics of his subordinates and the environmental factors when trying to motivate and instill confidence in his team. In the speech he addresses the tragedy of the past, the current team’s shortcomings and even mentions how the team they’re facing has more ability and talent. He declares if they give maximum effort they will not lose and will reach their goals of honoring the memory of the teammates killed in the plane crash and making the community proud. Lengyel realizes that due to the circumstances, that leading with the directive and achievement oriented styles isn’t the most conducive approach. To motivate the players on the team, Lengyel has to utilize a Supportive style that taps into and emphasizes with the emotions of the players and tries to alleviate the stress and pressure of the situational factors. While some other leaders and his peers ultimately fail in certain circumstances for their stubbornness, Lengyel’s biggest leadership strength in contrast is his flexibility. As mentioned, with the players on the team Lengyel’s demonstrates mostly directive and supportive styles. In regards to followers with contrasting characteristics of the players, Lengyel is able to successfully adapt his leadership approach to engage and accommodate them. After assessing that the players on the team do not have the ability to execute relatively complex offensive schemes and tasks, Lengyel realizes they need to simplify their playbook. In this instance, because the assistants have established themselves in their respected roles, Lengyel engages them in the decision-making process. Utilizing the Participative leadership style results in Coach Dawson coming up with the idea to use the simplified Veer Offense. In addition to building trust and satisfaction from the assistant coaches, the players also benefit as it reduces a significant roadblock for them 4. Outcome: A. Performance: Helps followers reach their peak performance. B. Satisfaction: Makes working to obtain goal more satisfying. By successfully adapting to both the characteristics of his subordinates and of the environment, Lengyel helps his followers exert maximum effort and gain satisfaction from obtaining their goals. Coach Lengyel was able to forge a path for his followers by taking into account the different strengths and weaknesses of his followers. As articulated in his speech the team’s main goal of honoring the memory of the team was to â€Å"lay it on the line† and provide maximum effort. Whether it was the players on the players on the field or even Interim President Dedmond aggressively petitioning the NCAA to let their freshmen play, Lengyel’s followers were clearly motivated by his leadership How to cite Path Goal Theory, Papers

Reflective Writing for Sustaining Human Rights - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflective Writing for Sustaining Human Rights. Answer: The phrase, human rights might have a broad definition, but when it is narrowed down to women rights, it takes a more specific direction. This reflective paper will dwell on the women rights. Let us first begin by understanding what women rights are. Women rights are those rights claimed by women, which aim to establish equality between men and women (George, 2015). Focusing on New Zealand, the efforts to fight for these rights are now evident. However, perfect situations are rare, the same case gender equality cannot be completely achieved at work places. Let's now reflect on how the women rights on employment have affected the society. In the earlier days, women used to face a lot of discrimination in the workplace, especially in matters related to opportunities and wages. hanks to New Zealand, the government on its gender equality policies as well as women who have tirelessly fought for women rights at the workplace the rate of gender inequality has greatly been reduced (Bonner, 2012). Moreover, gender discrimination is in itself unproductive at the workplace. Apart from undermining the female gender and paying them low wages, it makes the women lose touch with their work and hence the productivity of the organization is lowered since women are hampered from taking leadership roles in organizations. Therefore, they are not able to contribute their knowledge and skills (George, 2015). The most common types of gender discrimination that were previously being exercised included, wage gaps, sexual harassment, unequal opportunities and lack of involvement in decision-making. Despite the efforts and policies that aim to curb gender discrimination, there are still cases of gender discrimination that goes unnoticed. The main reason that such cases fail to be noticed is due to the reason that men are viewed superior to women (Hurley, 2012). However, there are occupations that men do not prefer to engage in, yet they are suitable for women. Such opportunities include caregivers. However, the society as a whole has viewed these preferences in occupations as being sexist. Another sector that has seen women get many employment opportunities is the hospitality industry. Moreover, the hospitality industry seems to acknowledge women rights as the employment of both genders seem to be equal as well as equal opportunities than any other industries in New Zealand (Kabasakal Arat, 2011). On the other hand, women should not complain too much as they also get some advantages that men do not, for instance, women are likely to get help or assistance on a particular issue as opposed to men. This can be viewed as a way of compensating for the inequalities in other areas of the work. Also, the ministry of social development has shown a kind gesture towards realizing the need for gender equality as it gives equal benefits most of which the bigger percentage that receives the benefit are women. Also, women are hardworking and likely to dominate areas that are male dominated due to their hard work (Kabasakal Arat, 2011). In New Zealand when we look at the unemployment rate, it is found that women are highly unemployed. The main reason behind this is the fact that men tend to get high qualifications in education thus having many opportunity openings than women. Another reason for the unemployment rate is that women mostly have other duties to take care such as house chores of which forces them to take part-time jobs (Lewis, 2015). Moreover, women have encircled themselves in a belief that they are only supposed to stay at home and worry about house chores while men go to work. This further jeopardizes the fight against gender discrimination. The fight for women rights to vote was spearheaded by Kate Shepherded in 1892. This saw New Zealand becoming the first country to grant women a right to vote. According to George, (2015), the New Zealand parliament policies and regulations did not give women the right to stand for parliament. This remained so until the first female, Elizabeth McCombs became the first female member of parliament in New Zealand (Paul, 2012). This also saw the rise in the number of women in parliament up to nine percent by 1981. Up until now, the New Zealand parliaments consist of thirty one percent women. During the colonial period, women in New Zealand did not have protection rights or privileges to work. Women served only as housewives and could only stay at home in most cases looking after the children and preparing food for their working husbands. Equal pay right was enacted in 1972, which stipulated that men and women who work at the same job level should as well be paid equally (Silliman, 2014). Another milestone that further promoted the rights for women is the 1985 act that granted parental leave to women who are in their final stages of pregnancy which is to extend until the child is three to six months old. This closely followed by paid parental leave in 2002, which allows mothers to earn while away from work looking after the child. Moreover, the law also considered men, in that, men could also ask for parental leave to go and look after the child for the remaining period, in the case that the mother had to go back to work (Sweetman, 2015). The New Zealand legislation on ge nder equality is now making women successful as they have allowed them to work as opposed to the previous law. Equal rights have been one of the most top priority of New Zealand government. Numerous improvements have been made to ensure women are given equal rights as men in the workplace. Equal pay for equal work, this approach advocates that regardless of which gender has accomplished the task, the value attributed to the task should be equally compensated whether it is a man or a woman did the job (Tinker, 2016). Executing equal pay for work of equal value principles is one of the interventions that have seen a reduction in undervaluation of women in male dominated work. The standard practice in New Zealand, consist of addressing the gender pay gap foe employees in relation to the median hourly rate. The New Zealand Government has advocated that women be provided with paid parental leave (PPL) after the birth of a child (Wollstonecraft, Williams, 2013). However, there is still a lack of consensus on the criteria to determine the duration of leave as well as the level of pay. Regardless of all that has been achieved there is still need for robust mechanisms, such as legislation, which are required to further drive the gender equity agenda so as to realize employment equity. This calls for commitment from the political broad as well as public consensus. This is to be accompanied by adjustments in providing the early-childhood education funding and ensure its availability in the rural areas where it is scarce. This is because parents in the rural areas are unable to access it as they work on non-standard hours hence no time to access this services. (Lewis, 2015). Conclusion Women rights has been an endless struggle in an effort to equality at work places as well as in the society. However gender equality has not yet been established. I have realized that in the modern society, women has gradually advanced to handle roles that were previously designated for men. This has also contributed to the economic development in a big way. The theme on women rights is important to me, as I come from the Chinese community where women are viewed as inferior to men. However, civilization that is taking place in my society, is slowly getting to realize that both genders are equal and as such they should be treated equally. References Bonner, M. (2012).Sustaining human rights(1st ed.). University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press. George, B. (2015).In pursuit of equal rights(1st ed.). [Washington]: The League. Hurley, J. (2012).Women's rights(1st ed.). San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press. Kabasakal Arat, Z. (2011). Womens rights as human rights.UN Chronicle,45(3), 9-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.18356/d16204cd-en Lewis, H. (2015). Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives, and: Reconceiving Reality: Women and International Law (review).Human Rights Quarterly,17(3), 576-582. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1995.0025 Paul, K. (2012). Women in the Front Line: Human Rights Violations against Women, an Amnesty International Report.Human Rights Quarterly,13(3), 432. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/762632 Silliman, J. (2014).Undivided rights(1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. Sweetman, C. (2015).Women and rights(1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxfam. Tinker, C. (2016). Human Rights for Women: The U. N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.Human Rights Quarterly,3(2), 32. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/761855 Wollstonecraft, M., Williams, Z. (2013).A vindication of the rights of woman(1st ed.).

Need for Effective Networking for Consultants

There is no guarantee that someone who networks will be successful in business. In fact, ninety-five percent of networking activities do not translate to any tangible benefits. However, people that succeed in business participate in networking events. The point here is that doing it does not guarantee it will work, but success relies on it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Effective Networking for Consultants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People who benefit from networking understand that networking is a lot more than just meeting people. They know that it takes effort and initiative to turn the networking event into a good use of time. The basic philosophy behind successful networking is that the events provide an individual with the opportunity to meet people with whom they can have mutual benefit. Effective networking is an essential skill for all consultants. The nature of consulting is such that p rior contact adds to the odds of someone agreeing to hire a person. It is imperative to develop strong networking skills to succeed in business. Effective Networking Techniques A consultant has several options to choose from when it comes to the choice of networking techniques. The traditional models stressed on the need for carrying business cards to networking events. It is the easiest way of giving a new contact a way to make contact, but it is in itself not sufficient for effective results. There is the increasing use of blogs and websites as a means of interacting with potential clients. What blogs provide is the opportunity to come off as an expert in a field. This is the dream of every consultant hence the need to have some online presence. Many consultants also use social medial platforms such as tweeter and face book to meet new people. A time-tested method of successful networking is using the same methods that social coaches advocate for like maintaining eye contact when talking to someone, listening more than talking, and generally taking genuine interest other people. This makes a person appear sincere and friendly, one that you would want to do business with someday. One of the key things to remember is that the first meeting is never a sales meeting. As soon as people realize that you are trying to sell to them on the first meeting in an environment not meant for it, they do not leave with a good impression. In networking events, the point is to make positive contact, which may or may not lead to a direct business deal.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Networking Plan among Clients The first thing that the consultancy will do is to seek to establish itself as an expert status organization. This is the lifeline of all consultancies. The best way available for the company to do this is by opening and maintaining a blog, website, or bulletin and using it to address general queries about the issues in its area of business. The quality of the posts determines the apparent success in creating the expert status impression. In networking events, it helps to draw out the people who show interest in the services of the company, or who seem to need the services without realizing it. This requires tact because one can easily come off as a show-off. The best way to do this is to talk about actual cases settled by the company and the results that came about. The third way that the company will ensure it makes the most out of its networking opportunities is by making the events memorable for the people that attend them. There are very many options available for this. They include issuing specials cards either as contact cards or as simply cards with memorable messages on them. If the cards stand out enough, then the person will always remember the meeting, which is the whole point of networking. Networking Plan among Peers It is s omewhat easier to network among peers because of the existing history. However, there is a chance that they will not be as easy to do business with because of the personal relationship shared in these situations. The line between professional and social engagements is simply too blurred. In order to network effectively with peers, it is imperative to maintain a professional demeanor at all times. Avoid giving unnecessary favors to your friends because those favors do not count as much towards business objectives. The next way to make the most out of networking opportunities is to practice reciprocity. Take time to refer clients to businesses near you and chances are they will refer the business to others clients. The truth is that there will be some unpleasant moments during networking. The main thing is that the expert should learn to let the unpleasant experiences go away. The final thing to bear in mind during networking events is that personal relationships, especially those tha t are intimate in nature ought to be with people we have known for a while and not new acquaintances. It is also important for clients to see that the consultant is not an excessive drinker. Personal life can have a big impact on networking capacity. Reference List Davis, I. M. (2005). The American Entrepreneur in Asia: A Personal Journey of Global Proportions. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Need for Effective Networking for Consultants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mongay, J. (2011). Business and Investments in Asia. Madrid: ESIC Editorial. This essay on Need for Effective Networking for Consultants was written and submitted by user Brooklynn Barlow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company The WritePass Journal

Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company Introduction Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company IntroductionMarketing OrientationThe marketing environmentSocial-cultural environmentEconomic/competitiveTechnological environment/innovation affectingMarketing MixProductPricing The Coca-Cola Companies’ Competitive Pricing Strategy PromotionSWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknesses: Opportunities: Threats: ConclusionReference and BibliographyRelated Introduction This report focuses on specific marketing theory, relevant to The Coca Cola Company, marketing theory include Marketing Orientation, Marketing Mix, Marketing environment and SWOT analysis. The author will make analysis of these theories, with an application to the attitudes and marketing decisions of The Soft-Drinks Manufacturer. Marketing Orientation This is when a company takes into account its customers’ needs when making decisions concerning their services they offer and items of sale. There are many benefits of doing this, as the product will more likely meet the needs of their targeted audience, therefore consumers will be more willing to by the product, there is more of a guarantee the product will sale. However in previous decades, many businesses have opted for a product-orientation approach, this is when a company is more concerned with the production of the product, and the systems that are used in its production. (The Times 100, n.d) (The Times 100, n.d) states in the recent decades many companies had preferred to be more product-orientated than customer-orientated, because of the increase in competitiveness within the market, these companies that adopted this orientation were losing out, as a company within a competitive market can only should strive to develop products that suit their audience needs, in failing to do so, they will lose customers fast in the competitive market, this demonstrates the need for products to be more consumer focused especially if a company is operating in a competitive marketing environment, if a company prides itself on the quality of its services and products, through   the usage of new expensive technologies for example, then it would be understandable as to why they would continue to be product orientated. (The Times 100, n.d) Some companies are adopting both orientations, taking into account both the expectations and needs of the customer as well as the quality of product for the item of sale. According to the source, many companies like Coca-Cola are moving towards market (customer) and product orientation, in doing this Coca-Cola conduct marketing research to find out their consumer interests and desires, in finding this they will make amends to the production of their product depending on what the results show the marketing managers. (The Times 100, n.d) The marketing environment Social-cultural environment This is the environment that focuses on the understanding of their target audience; the study of this environment will help Coca-Cola understand what motivate consumers to buy their soft-drinks. Coca-Cola is also influenced by society views, for instance because of the issues surrounding the among of sugars presented in Food and Drink,   and the Food Standards Agency, the production of Coca-Cola drinks now contain less sugars, and any other ingredients that are deemed artificial and bad for Health. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) According to sources, the Food Standard Agency had in recent years opted for Drink companies to sell their fizzy drinks in smaller quantities, this was in response to the ongoing obesity crisis in the United Kingdom. ‘Drinks with added sugar such as cans of fizzy pop, should be sold in smaller 250ml cans alongside the standard 330ml, it was recommended.’ (Smith, 2010) a study of the social-cultural environment will also lead to an understanding of the demographics.   (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Economic/competitive This is the environment that allows companies to identify both macroeconomic and microeconomic situations in the market, the influences are different, it can affect the sources of long-term and short-term finances available to Coca-Cola, the influences can also effect the consumer demand from their customers, for instance the credit crunch had decreased the among of expenditure available to consumers. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) during 2008 Coca-Cola had suffered from economic influences due to the crunch, in which it was estimated that their Bottled water products were experiencing less demand, in key markets such as the US and Europe.   Because of the credit crunch bottled water had experienced a high sales growth in 2007, but ‘middle-classed wallets were squeezed down by the economic downturn’. (Anon, 2008) How Coca-Cola responded to the influences. Coca-Cola has what is described as a financial muscle, the business was at the time was predicted to not be effected by the ‘economic storm’ as their international competitors, this was arguably because of their successful approach towards brand positioning, which has allowed them to still obtain promotional support, without being disrupted by the economic downturn. (Anon, 2008)Other influences that can be either positive or negative include government policy, taxation, and interest rates.   (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Technological environment/innovation affecting Coca-Cola and many businesses in general, have had new marketing opportunities, because of the advances of technology, such influences are mostly positive, as the production and manufacturing costs of their drinks are mostly likely to have decreased. (Brassington, Pettitt, 2007) In regard to product of products, technology has also helped increase the product quality, which is important to a company such as Coca-Cola who may focus on product-orientation.   For instance, the soft drink’s company experienced new technological advances which allowed them to preserve the fuzziness’ and ice-coldness each of their bottled drinks on sale, ‘By packing new technology into each bottle, so when the cap is twisted off, a mechanism inside will create ice made from the drink itself’. (Hannaford, 2007) Technology has also helped the advancement of more opportunities for promoting the Coca-Cola brand; the company has opened an online website and has been able to advertise on internet websites which would help increase brand awareness. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Political regulatory influences These influences relate to the outside governmental regulatory bodies that have jurisdiction under our national and European parliament to impose restrictions and rules relating to trade and other business operations, such influences include the Advertising Standards Agency, for instance Coca-Cola had to an advertisement banned for ‘claiming it to be nutritious while it contained up to five teaspoons of sugar.’ (Sinclair, 2011)Because Vitamin Water contained about a quarter of a consumers GDA (guideline daily amount) for sugar as well as the added vitamins, we considered that the description of Vitamin Water as nutritious was misleading. (Sinclair, 2011) this demonstrates the impact, as the company had to recall their advertising campaign. To conclude most of these regulations that have jurisdiction over Coca-Colas operates are enforced by law to act as regulators, other regulatory bodies include, trade associations, the EU and the local and national parliament. (Brassin gton, Petttitt, 2007) Marketing Mix The marketing mix strategy is a marketing tool used by many businesses, it helps managers develop their product to suit their customer needs, the tool helps the business set pricing strategies and promotional strategies which are variable, meaning that the company can make changes to their mix to match the external influences such as the economic downturn, the marketing mix is controllable itself, it allows Coca-Cola to adapt more efficiently to environmental influences of the market. (Palmer, 2009, 2004) Why is it needed? The marketing mix is needed to match the mix elements to the consumer needs; they are the ‘ingredients to achieve the desired outcome of the consumers.’ (Palmer, 2009, 2004) Each of the elements relate to one another, for instance pricing (considered the most important mix element), would largely concern the product it self, the quality of the product determines the pricing, if it is a product of high quality then the company may adopt a premium pricing strategy for example, this would also determine the promotion mix element, audiences are different, the premium pricing strategy may influence the business to target wealthy customers, who value high quality premium products or services. As well as pros, which highlight the positive things a marketing mix strategy can do for The Coca Cola Company, there are also negative aspects of it, issues which put the customer first, such as with the developments of quality services can become lost, to combat this disadvantage it is suggested that there should be an ‘adoption of a more holistic approach by marketing managers to respond to their customer needs’(Palmer, 2009), it would be recommended that managers   focus on a product-led approach to marketing.   (Palmer, 2009) Product For Coca-cola, their main product on offer is soft drinks.   With regard to the production of the soft drink itself, the main element to their products on offer is Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola company is an international global business, and has more than just one product within the soft-drinks market, other products include Fanta and Sprite all owned by the Coca-Cola Company. (n.d, Sharma, Kumar) Their Products on offer help the company, to motivate the consumer in purchasing the drink. It can be intangible (a service) or tangible, in this case Coca-Cola are providing tangible products. This mix will allow the Soft drinks company to moderate the quality, packaging, quantity of size, all to satisfy their consumers. The moderation is important, it allows Coca-Cola to design for instance their Packaging for different seasons, such as the Christmas season in which they make changing to the style in order to get people into the Christmas spirit, this encourage sells, it demonstrates the changes in the mix allows the company to keep up with marketing opportunities in the marketing environment, it also helps develop their brand image.   (Palmer, 2009) Place (Distribution) This mix, allows The Coca Cola Company to make sure their products are available in convenient places, wherever the consumer prefers to purchase the items, it allows the company to make new distributions, if their marketing research suggest their target audience prefer to purchase their items in new places. (Palmer, 2009)   This mix allows Coca Cola to amend their distributional strategies in place, depending their target audience preference. A good distributional strategy is crucial as an ineffective strategy will impact negatively on the companies’ turnover figures. In marketing distributional decisions, markets must focus on whether the costs of such distribution is affordable and how close the customers are to receiving the product. Marketing managers have an option to adopt strategies such as direct and selective distribution, Coca-Cola products are available in large supermarkets and vending machines, this indicates an intensive distribution, as it is available anywher e at any time (24hr petrol shops) anyplace. Recommendation for efficient distributional channel Coca Cola distributes their products to a wide variety of retailers; therefore this would indicate a need for an efficient management of distribution. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) The company as a manufacturer would need to deal with stock controlling, transporting their soft drinks products, and finding warehouse facilities for their products. Pricing This is the most important mix of all, it is important as adopting the wrong pricing strategy would lead to a loss of profits, however a good pricing strategy, which is affordable to target customers would lead to higher turnover for The Coca Cola Company. The Pricing mix varies from other Ps, as the other mainly evolves around company expenditure decisions. The Coca-Cola Companies’ Competitive Pricing Strategy According to sources, the Coca-Cola Company currently adopts a competitive pricing strategy. (Sharma, Kumar, n.d,) this is when companies set their prices according to the current market price, The marketing had become more competitive with operating companies such as Pepsi entering the market; this forced the company to adopt a competitive pricing strategy in order to stay the cheapest in the market. In this current period, along with their competitive strategy the firm has also had to make les expenditure on their manufacturing process, and more expenditure on their advertising to keep consumer interest from rivals. (Sharma, Kumar, n.d,) Cost-Based Pricing strategy Originally they were operating within a niche market, before other competitors such a Pepsi had emerged, because of the new market for Soft drinks, the company did not have to adopt a competitive pricing strategy, instead adopting a cost-based pricing strategy, in which ‘a fixed  sum  or a  percentage  of the  total cost  is added (as  income  or  profit) to the  cost  of the product  to  arrive at  its  selling price’. (Business Dictionary, n.d) Recommendation on Good Pricing Strategies ‘If the selling price of a product is set too high, a company may mot achieve its sales volume targets. If it is set too low, volume targets may be by achieved, but no profit earned.’ (Palmer, 2009) In order to adopt good pricing strategies, there will need to be some evidence such from marketing research as to what consumers will expect to pay. Many companies face hard pricing decisions, as pricing cannot be determined alone with the consideration of target audiences, it would be recommended that firms consider the marketing environment, as consumers’ needs changes depending on the current external environment, and the ‘interaction of market forces’. (Palmer, 2009) the pricing strategy is also variable, the company can make on-going changes to their pricing strategy, however such a minor difference can cause a significant change to revenue, e.g. Lower or higher profits. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Promotion This mix is used to help with the communication of the companies brand to the customers, through sale promotional strategies, sponsorship and through (PR) Public Relations.   This mix helps Coca-Cola decide on their advertising expenditure. (Palmer, 2009) Promotional Decisions The promotional strategies along with product and distributional strategy all need to be considered together in order for the company to make better decisions in their mix, it all lies down to evidence, which should give good estimations on their customers likely spending habits and where to target these customers. Coca-Cola through promotional campaigns want to demonstrate how good their brand is, this can be done through various strategies, such as personal selling (Coca-Cola Stalls at public events) , sales discounts (in shopping centres) Research has shown that, Coca-Cola tends to spend large sums on advertising, for instance in 1987 the company made an expenditure of around  £140 million, in television, radio and Printing publications. (Boy, JR, Walker, JR, 1990) This kind of mass media advertising is essential, as most of their customers are likely targeted this way, it helps keep up their brand image, and in attracting new potential customers. Free tasters are also a good strategy as the company brings out new versions of its drinks; this will lead to a new consumer base, and will help generate more loyalty. SWOT Analysis This is the study of strengths, weaknesses and threats (SWOT) This is analysis is needed so that Managers can understand the main threats and opportunities, it helps to get an overall view as to whether the business is profitable or not. It helps with the anticipation of future developments for the company. The SWOT doesn’t include assets of the business; it highlights opportunities for success and potential failure (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Strengths The Coca-cola has been operating within the market for decades, it was once a niche market for the company, this indicates power-over competitors in relation to its brand image, it has been in the ‘game’ for years, and therefore, there is a high public awareness of their products.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœCoke is the world’s largest non-alcoholic beverage company. Coke sells more than 500 brands of beverages. The company operates five geographic segments: Eurasia Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Pacific.’ (Seeking Alpha, 2011) The company is still experiencing a higher profit margin, for these reasons the company has ambitions to ‘double revenue by 2020. They believe that volume will be by the fast-growing markets and improvement in North America.’  (Seeking Alpha, 2011) Weaknesses: In order for a business to survive weaknesses need to be identified and then appropriate cautions will need to be put in place so that, any weaknesses are reduced significantly so that they no longer pose a disadvantage to the company.   (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) The Coca-Cola Company has been able to remain profitable in their many years of operating as a company.   As identified before, the Advertising Standards Agency and Food Standards Agency had imposed restrictions on their advertising campaign because of the among of sugar used in their products, this demonstrates a disadvantage for the company, these restrictions could lead to lesser profits, their soft-drinks generally aren’t good for their consumers. For these reasons the company may experience negative publicity which would be a disadvantage. Opportunities: New markets: The Coca Cola had begun operating in the bottled water market, because of the growth, in which the   UK market for bottled water alone has an estimation of near to  £1.4 billion. (British Bottled Water, 2009) this is an opportunity because it opens the company to new audiences increasing their brand image. Threats: There are many threats that are imposed upon organisations, such as the ability of Pepsi, (Coca-Cola’s closet rival), to take over the Soft-Drinks industry. The fact that Coca-Cola has to adopt a competitive pricing strategy shows that there is major competition within the market. Other substituting non-alcoholic beverages also pose a threat to the company; such products sold by Starbucks can threaten the profitability of the soft-drinks company. With the ongoing regulations imposed by the Food Standards Agency and (ASA) consumer may put their health first and choose healthier soft-drink alternatives, which would cause a lowering of turnover for the company. The fact that there are competitive pricing strategies between the likes of their rivals Pepsi also imposes the likeliness of customers ignoring both companies and choosing even cheaper alternatives such as Sainsbury’s and Asda branded Cola.  Ã‚   (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Brand management Coca-Cola company main asset is their brand image, it is important in retaining their customers. Brand management involves the enhancing of ones brand, keeping customer interest and expanding to new audiences. To do this requires a lot of attention to the customers, getting them to remember the ‘name, term, sign, symbol design or a combination of these that identifies the maker or seller of the product or service.’ (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Brand management is needed, as it increases a company’s ability to get a consumer to add and worship its name and value its quality of product, fending off other competitors by teaching the customer, that their brand is better. There is also an advantage for suppliers, it allows them to Coca Cola understands the importance of its brand image, through the overly use of promotional campaigns and various attempts at direct, and personal selling. It has been said the firm prefer to spend more on its promotional campaigns than its manufacturing costs. The firm has generated a brand image through its logo, which evidently always uses the colour red, in doing this they are reminding customers of their existence whilist increasing their awareness. Branding strategies The Coca-Cola Company has introduced major soft-drink of different kinds into the market, each kind has a different image, and this demonstrates an individual branding strategy, through the usage of new brand names for the various new products they have introduced over the years. There are many advantages in doing this, it increases their audience and allows the company to work on new brands, however these new products such as Fanta do not include the original branding, and therefore it could lead to their loyal customers forgetting the Coca-Cola image. Conclusion To conclude, The Coca Cola company has implemented good strategies, the managers of the company clearly understand the importance of meeting its customer needs, and enhancing its brand image to retain and remind customers of its good brand, hence the need for such a large expenditure on promotional campaigns, it utilizes the marketing mix well, through the adoption of competitor pricing strategy, it realizes its success can be easily threatened by competitors such as Pepsi, and substitute non-alcoholic beverages such as Coffee and tea.   Through its current attitudes and good usage of the marketing mix variables, it is certain this business will continue to dominate and likely double their revenue as they have plan   to do so by 2020, however external influences such as social cultural and economic influences could lead to a failure, regulatory bodies imposing restrictions could stop the business from reaching its potential if it continues on producing ‘misleading’ a dvertisements, however the worldwide recognition of its branding and along with individual brand images, this demonstrates the business has the potential to reach their goal. 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